Reviews Progress! Made In P. E. Island Iiog Prolluction

The following interest-Ins review J hog production on a q ‘» in Prince Edward Island as H, by Mr. w. n. Shaw. - iiig Deputy Ministcr of Agricuitdtrb. the recent annual meeting of me swine Breeders’ Association: .0“ the basis of present day hog MW in Province we are Iran. to forget what has happen- ’ past.‘ and associate all- ess with recent develop-

If-iwrevlew of past ‘conditions “mud possibly confirm our belief mm, (or a great many years we my, occupied a place of superiority In hog production. For this rea-

son he might go back and look

over some of the steps that were gsscciatc ai the mould perhaps reach into the ear- iy days

this meeting. These were

er: 3i- when there was con-

ihe dfll'5 glomcratio ince —— O.1.C.’5. stated: 35; of

and. as one humorous

the North Shore.’

"1 iiistlnctly remember my first as a lad. on our home farm long. lean. gaunt, tremend- ous range of snout. These hogs presented an amazing spectacle to cnile eyes. Nevertheless, the hog population was substantial, and

‘ Ell, If ii Tamworth - definitely red, and with a

my yuv

cl with the advancements industry. In doing this we

that are within the re- wlleciion of at least a few breed- n of breeds in this Prov- Yorks. Berks. Tamworths,

The Razor-Back Clam Dig-

kins. and the Pslconwood Pam.

ty We were possib‘ more successful

in our breeding stock at t.hat time in the prise list than we have been within recent years. A num- her of prises were won. There was third on a young boar, fourth on I breedlns pen. and y othue. At the same time. q to a num- ber of lmportcd boars were placed, and the d-ganisation of livestock Shipping Clubs were carried into effect with hogs goingztfi Montreal on a co-operative basis. The result was a change in the price level, and the tide on marketing and the general distribution of improved types had turned.

In 1924 a number of Boys’ and Girls‘ clubs were organized. and in that year there was not room

enough at the Charlottetown Ex- hibition to care for the hog show.

In 1026 over 6.000 head of swine were handled by shipping Clubs, and these graded over 45% Selects. In subsequent years we lost some of our record in this respect. In this year breeding stock was ship- ped to western Canada, some to Indiana. and a carload from the Maritlmes. in which there was a substantial contribution from the Island. was forwarded to the Inter- national Show at Chicago, and created quite an impression. I be- lieve that orders were placed in this Province as a result from United States points. '

"In 1927 we had over .twenty Shipping Clubs, in this year the

in number not so far behind the imi ol the present day. Almost "very farmer kept a sow. and pig killing time was an event of great importance.

“It was the day of home mughtering. chiefly the latter part iii November and December. Hog production was not spread out over Lhl year as at the present time. and hog finishing had to wait for the new farm crop. Very few hogs were finished at five or six months. ii. a matter of fact. many were nei|l'Pl‘ a year or more in age, and

Maritime Livestock Marketing Board Incorporated was formed in July. and subsequently our Ship- ping Clubs sold through this organization. I have always felt that it was a mistake to have separated from this organization. Although a provincial organization was subsequently effected this gradually went out of business. with the result that we have at present no organized movement on a co-operative basis of selling from this Province. The Maritime As-

spent part of their lives on pasture. The farmer who had a surplus of grain utilized this to advantage in the summer months. along with whey and skim milk. but finishing rarely commenced until the potato and grain crops were gathered. The system of feeding was cheap.

Nn Potato Problem

Today there is tremendous excite- ment about potato markets in the United States and elsewhere. No such a problem existed in these early days. The chief market for the potato crop,-and we raised lots of them, was through the hogs on

soclation has continuously exerted

This province is to be‘ honored by ‘welcoming here the second annual meeting of cgjiuip. Ming Breeders. an usocistioir which was formed two years ago and com- prises most of the leading mink breeders of Canada. The Execu- tive secretary, Norman W. shields, Fort William. Ont., in correspon- dence with B_ B. Jones, Bunbury, P.E.I., noted mink and fox breed- er, states that delegates from every province will be in Charlottetown to the above meeting on August 23-24-N. Several other provinces in Canada would welcome this meeting but Prince Edward Island for several reasons was preferred. While the Association is not old in years many of the mink breed- ers are men of long experience in breeding fine specimens of this beautiful little animal and they have bent their energies to pro- ducing the finest in quality.

Mink farming has made great strides in the past ten years for the reason that short-haired furs have taken over the place once occupied by such longhaircd furs as silver fox. Quebec has always been noted for its fine quality mink but now the Atlantic to the Pacific there are hundreds of ranches vieing with each other to produce top quality specimens. It is a. fascinating industry and if one wishes to depart from the production of standards there are dozens of mutations that will in- trigue one. The backbone of the industry. however, is the stand- ard mink and some oi the best specimens of dark mink are pro- duced in Nova Scotia. New Brun- swick and Prince Edward Island. Locally we have not been as en- terprising as the other provinces in adopting mink farming. We held too long to silver fox. but there are signs that mink farming will be growing all the time in this

Mn .--r~.-v- -

my list or miss eeiiiirem viirii

Silver Fox And ;. Mink Farming

little inroads here and a well man- aged ranch with good sanitation la

“ lly exempt from it. Then a-

gain food supplies are plentiful and now with fish processing plants in Bouris and likely in other parts oi the Inland and supplies of horse meat that can be bought quite reasonably. the Prince Dd- ward Island rancher can produce mink more cheaply from a feed stand point than anywhere else in Canada or the United States. This is also true of many places in Nova Scotla and New Brunswick. particularly the Bathurst area of that province. It will be a great boost for mink farming to have these clever provinces oonie here and discuss their ya ‘lenis. We understand it was Dr. authority. on mink and nutrition who proposed Charlottetown as the mee-ting place. Dr_ Bowness is a native oi Prince Edward Island and is now nutritional adviser for Master Feeds, Ltd, Toronto.

The program in brief is as fol- lows:- Monday. '23rd August—9.30 a.m.. Official opening by a. Prince Edward Island speaker; 10 a.m.. Registration of delegates: 10.15. Re- ports of Executive Secretary, Trea- surer, President; 12 noon Lunch; 1.30 p.m., Address by Mr. Albert Woodiey; Reports; Tuesday, 24th

men from the other

Itendle Bowness, not/ed

‘newer

The year 1003 will go down in history as the year when two great crude oil pipe lines were complet- ed. The Trans-Mountain. from Edmonton, Alberta to Burnaby. near Vancouver. B.C.. ie 710 miles long; it crossed the Fraser 10 times. We saw large supply de- pots with many hundred lengths of “super inch" pipes and great quantities of other supplies at many points as we travelled along its full length. three times. on the C. N. Railway. between Mayand July 1053. It wound its way over the Rocky and other mountain ranges. through valleys and mus- kegs; in all it crossed 72 rivers and creeks and was completed in the record time of 18 months at a cost of $93 million. e Interpm. vinclal which had been completed in 1950 from Edmonton through

Alberta, Saskatchewan and Manl- toba to the International border,

and then on to Superior. Wiscon- sin. a distance of 1129 miles. — because it was laid for the most part through level prairie lands.

cost $85 million.

0 0

.ln order to maintain a con. tinuous flow of crude oil to the Sarnia refineries. an-extension to the Interprovmcial was completed in 1953 from Superior. Wiscon- sin, to Sarnia. Ontario. 643 miles at a cost of $72 million. This now maintains a continuous flow of Crude Oil. which was formerly in- terrupted when the Great Lakes tankers had to tie up for the win- ter. This line’: capacity will be

NOTES

._ ly s. s. oiu-i-. nee. * as on. rn-n mm acmnvesnin-r

uniqua engineering feat. that we write about. occurred on the Sar- nia-Superior ‘ension of the great Iriterprovincial line; at the Straits of Mackinac. which at the point chosen to take the pipe line across between Lake Michigan and Lake Huron. “vss 4% miles wide. Pipe lines have been laid under water many times in Canada and the United States; in Newsy Notes of January 12th. 1952, we told of how they laid a Big Incher" acres

the Hudson River. near the Georg; Washington Bridge. and on ac count oi the Palisades. it was nec essary to adopt a new method i

lay that pipe; neither could thi

pipe be laid as the one acros

Hamilton Bay in 1952. which wa. floated across on pontoon: an

then sunk into its prepared trench.I

The Mackinac Straits between the Great Lakes have an enormous amount of shipping that could not be interrupted at the time. so it was decided to assemble enough pipe to lay two "Big inch" pipes. 20" each and pull them 21.000 iieet across the Straits. These two would carry the equivalent of the main "Super inch" pipe which was 30 in dia- meter. There were other difficul- ties to overcome. the Straits had water currents. that vary and shift from day to day. and vary greatly 'at different depths. There were under water side hills. where the 20" pipe: would have a strong tendency to roll. The pipe: had to descend to 243 feet below the surface at their greatest depth.

_ Monday, May I. 1954

Related

of the A..'cultural IUMMAB! AND RECOMMENDATIONS

In the preceding pages an at- tempt has been made to outline present conditions pertaining‘ to soil fertility, the use of land. soil erosion, wild life, depletion oi forest resources and the lowering of water supplies in Prince Edward Island.

Pending an all-out campaign to improve these conditions. remed- ial measurea have been suggested. Recommendations may be sum- marized as follows:

1. Detailed surveys should be undertaken to determine the loca- lion and approximate acreage of:

(a) Land which, by reason of soil type or drainage conditions. is unsuitabla for fanning. when average costs oi production and prices for farm products are con- sidcred.

(ii) Land unsuitable for agricul- ture but well suited for natural or artificial reforestation.

(cl Land at present giving low returns. owing to the depletion oi fertility; but which could be re- stored economically with good man- agement and access to money at a low ratc of interest.

(d) Good land but particularly susceptible to erosion because of topography.

tel Land highly productive at

August, 0 a.m.. Introduction of Auction Company Officers; Report on CMB sponsored sales I-IMBA mink; Formation of CIMB Mar- keting Board; Discussion on EMBA coming sales; 12 noon, Lunch; 1.30 p.m., Resume discussions. Wednes- day, 25th. August, 9 a.m.; General open discussion; 11.30, Election of officers and appointment of com- mittees; 12 noon. Lunch; 1.30 p.m., Unifinished busiiieas; New busi- ness; adjournment.

Consumer demand for mink gar- '

pumping stations 2500 miles of basic They will have

couver.

300.000 bbls. per day.

Canada has invested to date in her two Big Pipe lines $250 mil- lion. These systems. with pipe line looplngs, and additional

transporting a total of 500,000 bbls. per day of western East to Sarnia and West to Van-

The achievement, which was a

their . taking.

gives Canada trunk pipe lines. from a capacity for

George Tucker.

crude oil, salvage the

operation.

Normandle York. used a two-way radio and signal lights. as he directed the from a control tower on

the north shore of the Straits at

Even the weather could be bad. turbulent and uncertain andships had to be used during the under-

Pipe line experts were secured different countries. One had had experience laying pipe under water in the Persian Gulf. Captain who had helped in New

influence prices in this Province.

First Show and Sale

“The first hog show and sale was held in._Ncvembcr of 1027. and fifty boars and sows were In this year we had thirty-one Clubs operating. and 14,000 hogs. and 16.000 lambs were operatlvely. Bacon hog competitions were held during 1926 and 1927, with Georgetown, Uigg, North Wilt- 1-Ierbert staging Fairs. There were continuous ad- dlticns of breeding stock to prov-

on 0111‘

sold.

sold co-

province.

One reason for this is the fact that we have practically no dis- eases such as affect mink in the West and throughout the United States. Distemper has made very

with the Island swine industry.

“‘And so we have reached, by successive stages, the position which we now occupy in the swine in- dustry oi Canada. We have the highest percentage oi Select hogs commercially. and our records in Advance Registry are exceedingly

menis is on the upswing in Argen- tina but sales are restricted be- cause ot a very limited supply of skins. according to Jose Feldrnan, Buenos Aires furrier in New York on a. buying trip. Mr. Feldman estimates that Argentina could ab-

system oi control.

“Let us not forget that we are facing 'a considerable criticism and new trends in swine production in Canada. We are out oi the British market. and the tremendous influ- ence of the British market and its discriminating demands on Can-

sorb about 40.000, skins if they could be imported into that coun- try. Imports of furs to the Argen- tine have been curbed since 1947, he said. Mink ranching in Argen- tina was begun in 1934 and the largest mink farm there has about 4.000 animals with a. crop of about 1.700 skins_ Mr. Feldman said he had just purchased 300 females in standards, wilds and mutations to add to the stock of a ranch out- side of Buenos Aires that he was interested in. Besides those men- tioned there are two other ranches. one with 600 animals the other with aoo. He states that the pro- ductlon of Persian lamb now a-

Point de Barbe. Some of the best soft-pipe welders were among the 250 workmen on the job.

It took many months of prep- aration, the bottom had been photographed and mapped. A deep trench was dredged out from both shores to where the water was 05 ft. deep. but in the middle section the pipe was laid on the bottom. The pipe was 13/16" thick. Grade A seamless, open hearth. and very soft so that it would fit into the uneven contours of the bottom of the Straits. It weighed 166 pounds to the foot and to overcome this

present‘ and on which fertility is being maintained or increased.

(ll Land particularly subject to erosion. Extent of erosion damage to date.

(gi Land suitable only for scrub- by tree growth, the production of some specialcrop such as blueber- ries or cranberries. or for the con- servation oi water from mow or other sources.

(h) Land which might be tile drained profitably. provided that assistance in the form of drainage surveys, purchase of tile at whole- sale prices and advice on install- ation is given to the owner.

(1) The draining of land mar- ginal crsubmarginal for agricul-

_

lever was pushed and the cable tightened, lifting it off the ground. the dynamometer reuistered a pull of 20 tons, 30 tons and on up. The first pipe entered the water at 2.41 a. in. Sunday morning. It stopped at 5 a. m. with the “winch broke down," its main shaft had snapped. The first string of pipe was still 80 ft. short of where it was to be welded to the second

Problems

Excerpt from I Report by the Prince Edward Island Band;

Institute of Canada.

furs should be prohibited. Too much water is already going over the surface to the sea.

terinine also:

mi The location of old mill- dams which might be restored for the conservation of fish, game and water supplies.

(b) Areas where farm ponds may be constructed economically.

(c) The extent to which the growth of trees and shrubs along

has been destroyed.

(d) The location. extcnt and ha- turc of peat and muck deposits for which economic‘use may be found in the future.

' FAMOUS CORPS

The United states Marine Corps was founded in 1775 Is an inde. pendent service.

Plot Killed

« —-SNS Phola The RCAF is Investigating the crash of a T-33 Jet trainer at Gimll. Manitoba, in which the student pilot. P. O. H. E. Phillips. 20. was instantly killed on a rou- tine training solo flight. Official: believe the jet went Into a sud- den dive just after taking off and crashed near the end of the run- way. Phillips. a Toronto man. joined the RCAF five years ago

and rcmustcred for air crew last year. He was to have received his _ wings. May 21.

Soil conservation And

The detailed survey should de.

the banks of brooks and streams]

inclal herds. and in 1920 about fifteen carloads of grade sows were

adian hog quality. Canadian con- sumers and American consumers

string. Five diesel caterpillar trac-

dead weight. small. white, air- iors were hitched on. which moved

meritorious. tight buoys 38" in diameter and 4

every farm. Practically every farmer Advanced Registry Tests

had a farmer‘sIboller. and potatoes mounts to about 25,000 pelts an-

selected from Shipping Club ship-

were regularly processed in this way. We raised very little barley or mixed grains. Oats was the pre- dominant grain. and potatoes and

cats were the finishing feed for hogs. Very few farmers would. ever think of purchasing extra feed; a liir call from the millions of bushels of grains, and tonnage of other leads. we seem to find it necessary

to have to finish today's hogs.

Nevertheless, hogs were well fin- iilied in these early days. The cost must have been exceedingly low. for hogs were sold at very little more than 36.00 or 80.00 tier hog. This Iltllltion prevailed pretty well along until the First World War when there was an excessive demand for iioii products and meat for over- um. During this period we import-

ed some earlcads of hogs. breeds c all types, from the Province ,0

Ontario. and distributed these _to nu-mere eager for the high prices that prevailed for pork prod ate at this time. We had establ . ed, as a result of the overseas‘ de- mand. a foothold in the British market, and rather patted nu lves

on the back that we had I in

secured this market. and that in

future the permanency cf the in dmiry was assured.

however. and the f

of that market. lion of our own resources.

Co-operative Marketing

ments and sold in the Province of

"In 1980 some good boars were

The rude awakening of Danish competition, t that we could not compels on a quality basis. was responsible for the loss and startcd our people into a thorough investiga-

imporicd, and some of you will remember old Morvin Duke. Oak Lodge masterpiece and Dixon Dan. sired by a. Grand Champion at the-Royal show. These boars pro- duccd in the main I. gfine level 0f;bIOOIl’h0|' n-ierft. some animals at’thls time were entered in Ad- v cc Registry. Faiconwood Farm had four sows; the Experimental Farm three; and the Hunter Riv- er Shipping Club six.

“In 1930 and 1931 there was I terrible collapse in hog prices. and live hogs went down to less than four cents per pound. It wps interesting to note. however, that ‘there was very little change in ‘breeding. Very few sows went to market. There was a greater meas- ure of stability. even at this low price, in the industry, than there was in 1952 when a slight change in the Support Price created die- astcr in the industry. Bacon Fairs were continued during these years i, at various parts in the Province. and had a very beneficial effect on the general quality of our hogs. In this year too at the annual hog sale eleven boars were selected and sold in Weetem Canada. Over 21.- ooo head of stock was handled in the same year on a co-cperatflle basis. I believe that it was in 1934 that uifficulties arose with the Maritime Board, and resulted in the organization of a Provincial Board. Four I-log Fairs were held in 1933,