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There is one last class of linden ind labours that must be spec- isiy mgtioned: Igsgr to the trap- . WNW y! ed the mine. ss “m” ‘ dsepsr w

more n hav . system of ventilation. at: 3?, noxious or explosive gases, to ll! sumciently pm‘; to 51g- life. and to lower the temper-

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e-gigsiws

rate the deeper the mine goes. mine mines there was a vsntil. sand furnace. which drew the air

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kind of gigantie fan or blower. In either case the moving air was kept l0 I11 Wwllltod course by doors or

1800's,) to lend boys. not younger than six yea-rs old. down the mine, as Rappers. The poor little fellow wsntto work at 2 o'clock in the morning and remained in the pit for eighteen hours dailyi I-le was in solitude and darkness the whole time, except when a string oi tubs went past. And his wages was five P911“ Q d5?! During the greater part of tho year he never saw day- light from one Bunday till the Bat- urday following. Fortunately for the Rappers whom I knew, this abominable custom had given way befom an enlightened pirblic 0pm. ion, and the trapper was not allow- ed down till past school ago.

At the time of which I write, the miners were paid once a fortnight, Wn5°q\l&ltly one week was “Pay Week” and the next was “Baff Week.” Pay Iikiday was the actual day when the miner went in the of-

!“ i» draw his ow- snd Pay Bab, this is a danger that must be

urday. the day following, was a holiday which the pcor fellows well deserved. though some (liq not spend it very wisely. I am told that

there has been a change here, too; |

since the law now commands that the miners be paid weekly like other workers.

Most of the improvements in the minor’! lot. and they are many, have been brought about by their own organizations-the Miners’ Un- ions. At the sams time the Unions made some curious and elementary mistaku. 11hr instance, in one of the periodic depressions caused by a falling coal market. the employers would cut down the wages, and the Union would then ballot to have a strike, in the hope of keep- lns the wages up. The result was after perhaps six “‘ idleness, the men went back to less wages than ever. Striking on a rising uiarket does not seem to have oc- curred to them. However the strike is a barbarous way of settling wags disputes.

I have mentioned the "caller." Most fo the mines had a "buzzer", (hooter or syren) but this could not be depended upon to awaken the tired miner. The men therefore collectively hind a caller, a miner who had in some manner become disabled fromsworking in the pit. It was his business to rouse the 5166116", " __, to the hours they chalked on their doors. This he did by pounding on the door with his staff. till he heard the lliswsr “Aye, aye, lsdi" The doors were dreadfully disfigured after a year or two of this. One old fellow wasabltofanoriginaband to call after this fashion: “Robin Winshipi Ahoyl In the nsam o‘ 00d. rise and some ti. thee warki"

To the workers undergroun . there was no more welcome word than “Kennoi-i’ Its etymology was quits unknown. but it might be translated as "Home-time." It would rsverbsrats through the s,

Hid ll each 1180M it. he wouldiwuu m" been mmclmt to um

lather his ons and “beat it" to the bittom of the shaft. The "do ‘takes him to bank. and free- domi

‘libs miners in those days. while on their way home, always walked with s. suggestion of as they were all coal-black

ma, it was very difficult to dis-lm“ Wop]. who mum m

Newcastle paper gives some details of a new scheme whereby the miner is outfitted b the owner

o? dsfengiiv;

Beginning soa

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a: "is s55‘ i; r155. > s 5E‘ i»

, w ch rises at a certain IQg-_

filfifl, blob a neunsinlssssfmww“

‘Ibo Median meadow mouse (ms "We vennsylvauicus acadious.) sometlmu called the Amish Vols.‘ l! I “Wily Dfoportioned orsaturei with coarse fur and a short tail; This is tho rascal whq barks the’

fools and other trees in winter. , The white-fooled mouse is sqsn. .tifically rsromyscus leuoopus. I

th t. Dec. , . LQPQIIHR“ mififlifldltwasa

white below and feet white. Its tail. was ‘l9 millimetres long, white be. WW. _ a broad purplish-brown longitudnal strips above. The ears

The I-lludson Boy Jumping Mouaa guapus hudsonius hudsonius) is less common. I have come across it only Ithroe times in 9b years. One s-pm. mon had a tail 126 millimetres long. ln had long hind-legs and 1m, Ind

‘This mouse has cheek pouches, one on each side of its mouth, into which it collects food to carry to i

wvinter store.

i The domestic mouse (mus mus-' W

culus) was originally imported mm ‘Europe as was also the Brow-n Rat (Rattus norvegicus.) The latter, as its name indicates, came from Nor- way; the old lmglish Black Rat (now almost extinct) never got a foothold here.

It is quits possible that other "wild" mice are present in our Province, but are not yet recog- nioed.

REPELS RODENTS

Besides tho meadow mouse men- tioned above, thc so-called “rabbit" is another troublesome pest, gnaw- ing the bark from the trunks of fruit trees and omamentals; and

_guarded against every winter. How

to apply this protection in a cheap and easy way. has been the prob- lem for many years.

The Minnesota Agricultural Ilx- perlment Station claims that it has solved the problem. after many Hriais and experiments. by the use of "sulphonated oil." This is a mix- ture which is oasily prepared at home. A quantity of linseed oil is ;heatsd "till it is smoking hot" (419 ideg. Fahrenheit)": set the hot oll outdoors as a safety measure, an add to it one part of flowers of sul- phur, to nine parts cf oil. by weight. Sift the sulphur into the hot oil and stir it. The mixing will gener- ate considerable heat and the mix- ture will bccome hotter until all the sulphur has pasied into solu-

ion."

Vilhen it cools the sulphonated oil may be applied to the trees with a brush, or it may be thinned and sprayed on.

The Experimental Station built pens round the orchard trees into which rabbits were introduced. The "trees were painted with other repel- lants besides the sulphonated oil, but it was found that the latter was the most efficient; the rabbits left the sulphonated trees till last, and only attacked them when ab- solutely starving.

m preparing the sulphonate. it is well to remember that oil should never be boiled in household prem- ises; rnany dissste have occurred by its boiling over and taking fire.

DOME GBAMMATICAL POINTS

In the report/of a trial in the, UB.A. one of the chiefs referring‘ to his taking a constable from on} the case, said, "I told him to lay. oif of lt." This expression, "off of" is, I regret t0 see, coming into use. ldeapite its inelsgant sound and faulty grammar. Off is a proposi- tion as well as an adverb. and it.

“I told him to lay off the case." And the word "lay" should have been "lie." This la another very com mcn ‘error which may have its orig- in in the idea that the use of "lie" is rmparliamsn‘ y. A fairly safe rule is that "lay" requires a mm- matlcsl object after it. while “ s" does not. It is astonishing to ilnd know, nearly always slip up on this rule. There is another idiom that ought ' The xpmssion

.of pu it cannot be extended

(as if it were an ellipsis) nor pars- !ed. as if wmmatlcalrhsncs the ‘necessity for a phrase which will node this linguistic curiosity.

Growing Markets In China For Canadian » Products

5

11mg is g, growing market for_osssarily

re hlnytingodwlthbrown abovsqol

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Information of i - Interest to The - Livestock Producer

(Industrial and Dvnlopmnt soundldfhnakllsvthdta)

psoduesraslhop complalnoftbovartationisstbs Dfloeoif over acorn-

hon pairsttvslydiortperiodtlbssscom- MIPYWBIINWVITY

Thsansweristobefoundin a study of the British bacon mar-

Bri per hundredweight; during tho week ending st

weight a.t ‘Ibronto. Even since there was a British market for bacon, prices have at about this time of year. It varies a little in occurrence

thing which occurs from year to year for a long time has some cause behind it. Why, then, does this happen?

The reason is simple. llhrmers in all the main bacon exporting countries begin to put their hogs on the market in increasing quan- tities at this time of year. Ths supply oi bacon increases to thr point where not enough consum- ers will buy it at the price which has obtained l0 absorb the in- creased supply.

Ths question then arises: Why do farmers market such a large percentage of their hogs at this time of year?

‘rho answer is equally simple. It coeialesstoprodircehogssoldst this time of year than ‘those mar- keted at other seasons. Hogs sold on Semembcr fltlh would be not less than six months old. They would be born‘ about the huddle of March. From that time forward weather conditions become more and more favorable to young pigs.

If these hogs had been sold on September 8th they would have brought the producer an addition- al $l.lll per hundred pounds but they would have to have been born in the middle of February. This isaverycoldperlodandiho risk of loss and the trouble of nursing them through this period would have meant tinue and money cost.

From time to time there is s lot oi discussion about the varia- tion in the price of hogs. But hog prices must and should v-ss-y; pas-- ticularly there should be seasonal variations. If hog prices were to remain level ughout the year the hogs would all be marketed lnthsfallcftfieyearbeoauae it costs less to grow hogs for deliv- eryatthattimeBoinordss-to level out supplies as much as pos- sible hog prices ordinarily are higher during the season when it requires more trouble and skill to have hogs to market. Careful aidlful and amlbitions farmers are thus rewarded for their entn ef- fort.

. Plant Description . . Difiiculties

The difficulty oi stand dining descriptive terms in the surveys of the various and plants of the British Empire and other coun- tries is a rather formidable task. It is almost impossible, says the ha- perial Economic Oomirnitteds 37th fflbort on grassland seeds. to avoid such terms as "persistent." "leafy." "hardy," and the like, some of which do not always mean the same thing. In Australia, for ex- ample, a hardy strain means a

strain ,“ ofr of heat. In Canada, on the other hand, the term denotes a strain capable of resisting extremes of cold. In both countries it connotes drought resistance. In respect of ture. however, the term is used with ‘ meanings Again, in Canada, winter-hardiness means ability to resist dry cold or snow. In the United Kingdom it means ability to resist wet cold Strains that are "winter-hardy" in

omsdish products in North China.| ads. On the other hand, a red clov-

A! ysarsagofimirwasthschisf u from whiletoday allowed

talshfailatosurvivetha

warm. in gin: so under conditions‘

n-m cusanrm

091i a cutting garden started this D18 ‘i. trench. fill it with two inches of shredded cow manure six inches down. cover with soil and sow seed. You will have record- year with

é

‘Plflli lroups of snowdrops whore be soon from a south win-

ID11118- It is better to buy new seed than

‘totryto save seedsofannualsas

ithe commercially grown seed more carefully selected and. will come truer to type. There is too much chance for cross fertilization by bees in the home garden to keep strains true.

~ BULBS new renown

An impression is often held that bulbs which are newly planted in the fall do not require plant food. It is true that mature bulbs have stored up food in themselves which lalkely supplies the energy for early spring growth. and which may be sufficient to produce a flower. But this is only Part oif the story.

At the time the flower is being produced a large number of roots are being formed. These roots seek in the soil for plant food and water which they supply to the growing plant. If there is a deficiency of lllant food in the soil, the growth of the plant is greatly hampered. The production of a vigorous, per- fect flower of normal silo and color requires this additional nourishment taken from the soil, without which the flower will certainly suffer, and may fall entirely.

Fully’ as important as flower pro- duction fs the development of well matured bulbs for the following year's flowering. Bulb plants that are neslecied soon become worth-

ess. Since bulbs start to grow so early in the spring it is difficult to work plant into the soil so as to get it down to the bulbs before growth starts. It is therefore advisable to mix a. complete plant food thor- oughly in the bottom of the trench at the rate of two pounds per fifty feet of row before plantin the bulbs.

Also give a light feeding in the early spring. sprinkle the plant food around the plant shortly after it comes through the ground.

Doe With Antlers

A hen may crow and roosters lay eggs but can a doe grow antlers? Proof of this is in the hands of Dr. Armand Brassard, director of the Zoological Gardens at Charles- bourg, near Quebec, in the form of a trophy secured by J. t. Chslifour llld '1‘. E. Glroux of Beaufort, Que, while hunting in Rimouski County, about ssvsn miles south of the Castor River. 0n going to examine a two-year-old “blwk" deer which they had brough down the hunters, according to reports reaching c. K. Howard, head of the Fish and Game Department of the Canadian Na- tional Railway , were amazed to

good growth of antlers, these being- still in the velvet stage. Ths ‘Proof was forwarded to Dr. Bras- sard by the hunters on their return from the chase. Antlered female deer- have been found before, the antlers being always miky and in their velvet covering while there have also been instances of male deer without antlers.

Send A Lamb As Christmas Giftl

If you want to be origmal this year in the way of Christmas pres-l onto. send your friends a dressed lamb. A campaign is on ioot in to ,, the sending of Australian lambs as Christmas gifia to friends in the United King- d0m. according to a skipper of one of the vessels of ths Canadian Na- tional Bteamshi-s in the Canada- New Zoaland-Australia service re- fill“! arrived in Montreal, Que. This practice has been developed in New Booth Wales and during the llllt two years has met with en- com-aging response. It is estimat- ed that some 5.000 carcasses will be sent from Sydney this season.

i .

find that the “buck" was a doe with , a

Japanese (Buffalo s, Meets His Fate, By Canning‘

Pretty near svsrthing intbs way of eatableg has been oannodiaod an addition to the-list is bllflllo. The buffalo.~'howsvsr. is not the animal with which Canadians familiar but is a Javanese ’ ‘ and is usedasabesst of burden, not mumbling 111 any way the Can- adian species. 1-4; m; m. dustrlai Department of the Can- adian National Railways. 11mm small s sixty years ago at Nagasaki. wehere a French mission- ray taught some of the local resi- dents a method of canning sardines in olive oil. Japan has made rapid strldesln the canning ind “ y. She has the second largest sardine can- nery in the world. the largest being in New Brunswick. Canada. Other products of the canning industry of Julian are salmon, tuna fish (prin- cipally marketed in the United States). tangerinos, pineapples, bamboo sprouts. clams. abalone. bonito and mac” l. King crabs are also put up, this crab growing to a very large size, sometimes weigh- ing as much as twenty pounds, but the ordinary size crab used for can-

“ ning purposes weighs about an av-

erage of eight pounds and runs in length from thre to four and a half feet from tip to tip. The smaller sizes are not allowed to be taken and female crabs are protected. It is the third largest of the Japanese canning industries in output. Com-

’ ed beef, pork and chicken are also

put up. not. however. on the same scale as tho other products men- tioned. Great Britain was the larg- est buyer of tinned goods in i934 with the United States anl France coming second and third respective- ly. Great Britain was the chief des- tination for canned salmon and the greatest quantitp of the canned crab went to the United States.

Experimental Farm Notes

CLOVER AND GRASS SEEDS.

The estlma of the commercial production oif lover and grass seeds in Canada recently received, indicate that there will be a 938W“? of ilhese small seeds for the spring Seedling of 1935. The "fill of early Red Clover seed is lust about one-half of last year and two million pounds below the average for the inst five years Most. of the Canadian seed on the market, however, should be of good quality. as it is being grown largely in the Provinces of Quebec and Eastern Ontario, with some seed from British Columbia.

The production of Alsike clover seed in 1934 is less than one- quarter of that produced in 1933, and is about six million pounds be- low the average of the last five years. A small quantity of Alsikc mixed with tlmohhy Wild bo avail- able from Northern Ontario. It would appear that then: will be a serious shortage for domestic needs spring.

The total production of Alfalfa seed in Canada has been less than it was in 1933 and while there was some quantity over from the previ- ous year, yet it is doubtful if the i934 crop will be sufficient for domiestic requirements. The only clover that qualled the previous five-year average was sweet clover and there was about four million pounds oif this produced during the summer.

The yield of timothy in Canada in 1984 exceeded the pireveious year and the annual average for a number of years. On the other hand there will be just about onc- half of the normal annual con- sumption. In the past very large quantities of timothy seed has been imported from the United States to meet domestic needs in Canada. In i934 there was a cror failure of timothy in the United States, so that it now appears that there will be a shortage of timothy seed to meet domestic requirements in Canada in the wring of i935. The present high prices have en- couraged the saving of a larger acreage of timothy for seed than

usual. but the high prices of hay this year and thopresent shortage of timothy seed has resulted in an abnormally strong demand and high price.

The 1934 production of Brown Th9. Bent Gram seed is estimated slightly higher than the previous years. while the quantity of Creep- ing Bent from New Brunswick shows a slight decrease from previ- ous yea-rs. The data in the article was secured from the Marketing Division Seed Branch, Ottawa, and we would strongly recommend that everyone having good Island seed of clover and timothy will clean it 11D carefully. and those who do not have enough for themselves, will Dilwhaae sary so as tebe sure they have enough for seeding out in 1985.

Railway

BR OQK VILLE

Ground Limestone

has given excellent results where ever used

Write for prices delivered your nearest

Brookvills Manufacturing to. Ltil.

, OPERATING GOVERNMENT 1.1mm PLANT Brookvllls, St, lush c», 1v. s.

(H. G. S. ADAMS, Manager)

Siding.

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FOR FARMERS, STOCK BREEDERS A ND GARD

FJATTENINGA P_illi_i_ T 1 v

birt for fattening,

Wynndotives. ‘Rods make good feeders. Ioghorna"

satisfactory gains. Use birds reasonably well matured as young létbiogruwrathertihanputon

n} limiting the quarters it is pouibletofattsnhlsdsinaabort timsandcaretotaisentobeepths

quiet. Treat all birds for vermir before placing in fattening quart- en's.

From an e l standpoint it is usually desirable to use home- grown grains. All grains used must be ground vory fine and in the case ofoatsitisbettertosiftoutthe coarser hulls. A mixture of equal parts (by weight) of oats, wheat and barley, or two parts of oats, one of wheat and one of barley may be considered satisfactory for the purpose and a ration con- talning buckwheat will prove ex- cellent. The finely ground should be mixed with rri/llk or buttermilk and soaked for twelve hours prior to feeding. The mash or batter should be thin enough to pour slowly from the dish. If milk or buttermilk is not available, scald- ing water may be used, but in such an event add from five to ten pounds of fine meat scraps to each 100 pounds of dry meal fed.