usually excavate; a hole in a live poplar. The Hairy often nests in live poplar and the nest is usually 10 to 60 feet above the ground. The Downy Woodpecker usually digs a nest Cavity lower down than the Hairy Woodpecker. Both nest in live or dead trees. The Three-toed Woodpecker also builds in dead or living trees, excavating a hole 2 to 20 feet off the ground. The Pileated Woodpecker, which has been seen again here but not found nesting,' usually selects huge dead trees and nests at a height of from 10 to 75 feet above the ground. - ‘ -

Nine sparrows species nest on this island The Chipping Sparrow . normally nests in trees, shrubs, or vines on a low limb.. The Song and Fox Sparrows prefer to nest on the ground under cover but also uses low bushes and trees.‘ The Savannah Sparrow nests on the ground in a very well concealed hollow in dunes, fields, and grassier parts of bogs, barrens, and drier marshes. The Vesper Sparrow chooses a similar nesting site but usually on poor pastures or barren areas. The Lincoln's Sparrow nests on the ground in well concealed plaCes in wet bushy pasture fields or in eastern larch or sphagnum bogs. The Swamp Sparrow is aptly named preferring to nest in grass or sedge .clumps or bushes over water. The Sharp-tailed Sparrow nests on the ground in- meadow-like saltmarshes while the White-throated Sparrow usually selects a ground nest or low level position under cover such as logging slash or a bush.

- The Northern Goshawk nests usually ,i~.3 high in tree crotches or against the trunk l’¢¢‘“\\$§.\ 4 on a heavy side-branch.- The Sharp-shinned “'«I- Hawk usually builds its nests in conifer 7 trees from 9 to 65 feet up. The ' {':§:§fi5~' Red-tailed Hawk nests in trees well up but_ “ will use low ones and cliff edges in the absence of high,trees. The Northern

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\\ ' Harrier or harsh Hawk nests in a marsh but «~‘*;\) also uses woodland cutovers, young ii 3 plantations, and fields. The Bald Eagle OIWE‘ “‘x chooses large trees often near water and . reuses its nest which may be from 18 to 80 .J} j! 'k‘ feet off the ground.

“Our nocturnal wise ones - the owls - choose a variety of nest sites.

The Great Horned Owl usually uses an old nest of a big bird or a natural tree cavity. The Barred Owl prefers a tree cavity but will use a stick nest or the top of a broken tree. The Long-eared owl likes to nest in abandoned crow nests in conifer woodland although it also uses cavities and broken topped -trees. While all three of these species will very occasionally nest on the ground, the Saw-whet Owl, being so small, normally uses abandoned flicker nests. _ .

Twenty-one warbler species nest_on P.E.I.' The Tennessee Warbler builds on the ground in open habitat with a nest well concealed.‘ The Northern Parula chooses a tree with a bountiful lichen in which it nests from 3 to 35 feet off the ground. Quite a few of these warblers are arboreal. The'Black and White Warbler situates a nest on the ground at the base of a small tree, rock, stump, or log in a slight depression. The Nashville Warbler forms a nest well concealed by small trees and moss in open woods. The Palm Warbler constructs its nest on or near the ground in sphagnum bogs and barrens. The Ovenbird places an arched nest among deciduous trees which act like a canopy. The Northern Waterthrush chooses a wet area where it builds on or near ground which has deciduous tanglements. It chooses a stump, roots of fallen trees,

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