.-. ..,., -trrjlkq l,__ ,

Macrame’

CHARLOTTETOWN‘, PRINCE EDWAR DJSLAN

VOL. 22.

Charlottetown Regatta! I ATI 0 I '

iru r.scu.i.ucv an .ii.ir.xaNnr:it naivivitstraiv. To tabs plus on WEDJVESDA Y, the I8tli day q/‘Jug. 1852.

Ft it an A c I. First Class Country Sniling’Boute, from 20 to 80 feet keel. Entrance de. Gd. First oat, £6. Second Bout, £8.

ncosin Itac n. Ponrhoered Country Boetn. Entrance 2s. 8d. first Boat, 15. Second Boat, £2 I0. ' HIID ltacn. Two-cared Country Beats. Entrance In. ad. First Boat, £1 to Second Boat, £20s. irrrit ltacn.

Pint Cleee Club Sailing Boats, or Bontn entered and nailed by Mem- bers of the Club, from 20 to 80 feet keel. Entrance, We. Firm

. Boat, 15. Second Boat, £2 10.

Fir-i-it Race. Second clans Club Sailing Boats, under 20 feet keel. Entrance, Be. First Boat. £8. Second t £2. i as it c n.

or Four-oared Boats, pulled by e S

f Members of the Club tr ace 10s. First Boat, £4.

A Race Ea econd Boat, I . er acn. Second class Count Sailing Boatn, under 20 feet keel. Entrance, ls. Eiret Boat, £8. Second Boat, £2.

icirrrt acn. Two-oered Beau, pulled by Members of the Club. Entrance, 4e. Gd. I-‘iret Boat, £l I0. Second Boat, 20s.

A Race for Indian Canoes. piiddled liy Gentlemen. First Prize I0e. , c d Prize, 5s. A Race for Indian Canoes, paddled by squriws. First, 20:. Se- cond, His. Third, Itln. A race for Indian Canoes, paddled by Indians. I-‘irst, 20s. Se- con , lbs. 'I'liir , I0.

Should the Funds ofthe Club ndiiiit, a Prize will be olfered to be competed fer b Vessels. under I00 torts register.

A Ladies‘ Purse, for Beaten Boats, to be run for on the day fol- Iowin .

All‘I.Ioatn must be entered with the Secretary on the day pne- vioue.

By Order of the Committee, C. S'l‘E\VAR’I‘,

July 23, I852. Secretary at Treasurer.

'l‘0 PARENTS AND TEACHERS‘ SCHOOL BOOKS -

Ttilisuberriber has since his entering into the stationery

and book business commenced by his father, endea- voured to furnish end keep up a supply of suitable School Books; and while he has kept in view the diliiculty experi- epced by Teachers, in changing from one book to another, oc- eneionod by a want of uniformity in the series of works in use, he hen studied to improve these formerly used; and in adopting new ones, bee been guided by the leading members of the Board of Education, and some of the bent teachers who have given their sanction to hie ublicatione. Many of the books Imported from the Mother‘ ountry, being found to be too ex- pensive, end the reprints from the neighbouring provinces, not only incorrect, but badly printed, it wee thought than attem t to rinteotun them at home, might meet with success. it order to be able to sell the books at a price within the reach of

the bulk of the people, a large number or each work has been

printed of those books in cenerel use. The Irish national

eeriee, imported by the Board of Education as one of the

cheapest acts of books that could be procured, has been taken

an the basis of the series of books now reprinting. '1 hey have

been made a pliceble to the circumstances of the country _by

alterations only in such passages an have appeared to require

them. In order to stiit them to the locality of the Island it ful-

ler end more correct abstract of the Geonrapli ol North

America, has been substituted, and several slig t errors in

Spelling end Grammar amended.

The books alreadv published are-—

Murreys first Book, _

Murray's Second do, with an appendix from Professor ' Sullivan's Spelling boo ,

Irish National Second, Third, end Fourth books,

Lennie's Grammar.

CEO. '1‘. HASZARD.

LIVERY BTABLES, HE SUBSCRIBER. inlende keeping good Ileraes. Sleighe, Carriages, &c., which he ofi'ers to the Public for hire on low terinn,forACauH. M] S M d I ‘k , _th LID, o ta in ,nn tie reatcet care it en wt tboee Ilornee coiiIiiiittcd to liietchnrge. 8 Residence near the Temperance Ilnll, Gr.-illon Street. Wll.l.IAl\I .lAKE.\IAN.

Hr. Jaxnsait, would trike the opportunity of informing hie numerous Customers, whose Dehte have been some time standing, thuthetvould feel obliged by their making an early settlement; and those having accounts against him will please forward them as soon as possible.

January 5, I852.

To the Tenants on Lots 9 ct 6|. THE Subscriber having, by Power of Attorney, dated the 6th tin of March, I851, been a pointed Agent totiike charge of £5 CI, in this Inland, the Igroperty of Lawrence Suliran Eeq., notifies the Tenants on those Towiisliips, that ell rents, end Arreep ofltent, due on the said Property. are required to be paid to him forthwith, he alone being authorized to rec3iiAve the name.

MES vizo. Pertllill, April 9. I85].

ALI. persons having legal demands against the Estate of the

Honorable Envvartn Jaerne Janvsn. Chief Justice of

lb lelend.deceeeetl, are requested to furnish the enmednly attested,

and all persons indebted to the said Estate are required to make im- mediate payment.

HENRY F. JARVIS.

Spring Perk. June 5, I852. Executor.

National Loan Fund Life and Equitable Fire Insurance Companies of London. Incorporated by date of Parliament. 0/inn of Diiit:c'roits efl-‘iradiileturanee for I’. E. Inland.

. . H e

Hen. ‘E.HJ.‘ .£s‘reie, E I I rid, Erq., 3050' I‘ ‘v’ I50 s - . L M, E ., Denial Hod it “He ‘q I nu." '9

I firms ol’ApplicntItIiI, iind aIl'uther information, may be obtained fun 3 Inheoriber, at his Oflee, Charlottetown. ' L» ‘V. GALL. Agent.

' 'iF@ §IP©1'.II’Il’§nIIBWo GIIIT verlety'afSmeIl Shot,'Wnllter‘n Gun Cape, lIell'e and ether Canister Powders, Nipple Wrenches, Gen Nipples, IIINUI. WI. flanks, for Sale at the Drug Store of M. W. Slsnirnn. «

I Warehouse, De|rynpIe'e Corner. Aug. 0. rance lletl Com an .

P Y nested to y the Balances , In ny lrtbe Treasurer,

_;-"’ ' raises e. coorizit. 8ee'y.

.\

Qtgritulttitr.

. No. 4. TO HIS EXCI-‘.l.I.EXCY 'l‘IIE l.IEUI‘I'.‘NANil‘ GOVERNOR. OF PLLINCE EDWARD ISLAND.

Ma‘? 11' rnuann votrn Exce:r.'r.l:rrcr;

When I first tbouglitof bringing the important subject of agricul- tural tiiiprovement to your Excellency’: notice, the ngliih Chan- flllof of the I:._xchequer furnished me with a most valuable intro- 4W-“l°'|i Ind _it so happens, by ver favouring circumstances, that the Royal Agricultural Society of Eligland, furnishes me with an equally yalunble help when withdrawing from the presence to which I have intruded myscl .

advertisement, that Society offers one thousand pounds and at old medal to any person who will discover a permanent supply 0 manure, adequate, in agricultural purposes, to guano, to be no d at not more than five poun e per too; new if I could trunn- pert our Musnel iriiid, abundant charcoal and adequate fishery, I should not be afraid of goin to one corner of London and securin the reward; because I coal find what they want, and they could supply more_nbundaiitly what I want. But, as it in, I believe the Compost which I now submit in, in strength and fitness, better adapt- ed to the growth of root crops, and to the peculiar circuiiistnnces of the farmers and the soil of Prince Edward Island. than the bent Guano of Peru.

But I hope your Excellency will allow the moral of this example of England to have its due weight upon your mind. If England. old England, agricultural En land, golden England. seen and feels the necessity ofiiiiproviiig liar ii rieulture, by offering such it rich reward to those who will supply or with raw material, over and above the present iiiiiiiense nianuriil importation, why what does it tench this III|p0VeI'l5lId(I inf~iiit colony, dependent u on agri- culture alunc for every morscl of bread to bring her up an sustain

er .’

The modern farmer acts upon very dillisrcnt principles, and rea- eoiie trotn very dilfereut promises, than tie print generation: he does not look so much at price as qu:rnti!y——tbe old farmer looks at the price of a uarlcr o wheat; the modern looks at the pro- duce of an acre of nnrl;—t ie old liiriner looked at what the land would then yield; the modern looks at \VlI.’lI it can be mall: to yield, if appliances within the compass of his talent and induetry are brought to bear upon it; while the artificial mound of ‘ protection ' sustained the price, the acreage principle was not thought about; but now the case is altered; and, seeing the pro it of price in so greatly reduced, it tnust be met by the profit ofquiuitity; therefore, Liiglnnd calls up all her energies, scientific and practical, to work her inacliiiiery up tofiill time, that, by her iiicrcasnd pro-.luctions, she may be able to sell forty bushels oftvheut ntfioe shillings, in- stead of twenty-four bushels tit seven slit’/li'ng.r,—:i little iiritlimetic will show the wisdom and prolit ofnucli ii proceeding. Apply the same principle here, uiidl would rather produce sixt bushels of oate at one shilling and sixpence per bushel, than tiirty bushels at two shillings or even two shillings and sit once: because, he- sides the immediate profit, there are so many collateral beneliin re- snliing from quantity over price.

It now become my duty to describe the practical working of the eclierrie proposed to your Exccllency’s attention, and the expense of bringing it into operation.

A goo Site, containing from two to three acres of land. si- tuated as much nouth-easfof the Town as can he procured—linving ready access from both writer and |nnd—it should he so low as to admit of being the estuary or tank of the principal drains or sewers of the town, when future improvements shall render such drainage necdfnl-itehou admit of scovee, and It-esnft boats. at tide- lIown._ and float them at all tiiiiee, it nliould admit of lading end unlitding to and from its banks, at least one-hiilf its boundary. I believe, nucli a site may be obtained gratuitously, if the purpose for which if was required was properly explained, and the expense of all requisite preparation would not exceed £100.

_3- Granary and Store of auflicient dimensions to contain things needing to be ke tdry, and for working two llIille—n drying Kilu—two Cottages an e lnr e open She —the two stories over the store to contain not lose t tan twenty thousand bushels ofgrnin, to be built very substantially, and so planned as to ndinit of deli- veriiig grain by spouts, or by incline planes, iiiiinediately into the boats. An eminent builder tells me the whole may be done for less that; £100.

3. _Two Jllills to be worker] by Tun Horses. These must be of superior power and construction, having it long purchase, the Mills to be so made as to grind course or fine bones more course, but

ypeum, charcoal and shells very fine (the object being to prepare iiiannre for imniedinte benefit the principle of solid nnd hollow cone, such an the Ilitrk Mills, having rough teeth at the top gradually fining ofi'in l'| serrated form, would answer every purpose; but they must be treble strong and would cont not tiiore than 60.

-I_. Various kinds of Jlppiiratur for the iiieclianical operations, weighing. measuring and numerous appliaiicee, togetlier with carts, harness, e., c. H0. .

Tliis netts the sum of One thousand Poiinds for dead stock or the

5. Materials for the Jlfuniuefor‘ two years:

One tliousund tons of River Mud, to be deposited from the cone or eleiglin on the lpnd, ready to receive the scavenge and fish; at three iiliillings per ton, £llS0

l“ilIeen hundred loads of 'I‘own-scavenge, or as much as can be procured, carted and spread on the Mud, at three shillings per load. £250.

0. One hundred and filly tons of Fish, delivered from the boats and spread upon the heap, £500.

D. 'I‘en' tons of bones, or as many as can be possibly procured, delivered at the Mill, £50. - -

‘ Six hundred cords of \Vooil for Cliareoal, consisting of the young growth generally burnt to waste, cat in proper lengths and piled ready for covering and burning. £200. £ 1''. A tlioueand bushels of Soot, or as much as can be procured,

-I0. -

G. \Vhrit can be collected and purchased of Sen-weed, deliver- ed near the Charcoal heap, to be charred in the process of burning that substance, £20.

. One hundred and filly tone of Gypsum, delivered at the 8tore—l understand it niny be delivered at fifteen shillings per ton,

I00

I. Bitumen and some common Stilt, with expenses, to unite the whole, as circumstances may admit, &,c., &c., 100. Total expenditure, £l3l0.

This makes thirteen hundred pounds, then add interest, insurance. labour and innnngeinent, £700, and you have abundant manure for I500 acres of turnips or root crops, of nny kind, for two tliausaml pourt«le—tliis iiiininuni price‘ie the result of the united operation of

nlily, rliuiripnrflabour and capital to work it out. Now, Sir, if for thirty shillings an acre you can enable your farmers to grow four or five hundred buehele of mnngold worlzul, turnips, potatoes, pnrsnipe, ciirrote, or what else the please; then they can keep any quantity of stock thy like and make it fat for market; .mnnul'iictiire a large and good dunghill, and with thil grow double the quantity of grain and keep double the number of beasts and sheep; then I ea , the ' ‘Y t is the scirntillc operation principle of real and agri- culture T but that the farmer shall endeavour to make a l his soil inton coinpoet lieap, fit to produce the niaxiinnin yield 0I'0Vel’EcIIIllI‘ that its properties are adapted to—ndding to it what in de .ient, correcting wlint in injurious. Now we cannot do all this at once, wqmqiinuot mIh;..lu the null of Priaice Edward farrn into a com p, we can o it in rte, growing‘roots wliitlifiuintend at t distances froiii each other; we can supply to each the h and quantity it shall require to sustain It to its expansion, vrlten it receives most of its nnbstance from the air; in fact we can deposit heaps of our compost nutI‘ici- w it root as lexnricnely. an if all tlie soil was equally rich. ‘hie, your Excellency, is the cticnl science of agricul- tural impt'evement,—to place on one-twentieth of the surface enough manure to eeetain the required plant. and then let it collect increments rain the air; this is philosophic, ecientificgprnciicul. improvlngfnrming; but It in the inoet simple, the least expensive, the least bcrioun. and the meet reinniierating to the farmer and the country, because it is acting in exedconcurrence with the laws efflim. who hae ordained the stunner in which an lee ' our daily bread.’ And ferfleh farming as thin, I do not be teve there

OIIIIO

ienplece in tltewerldtheteonieehreqeiree it, erueo walladapt-'

fitfi

etto it, or no likely to receive immediate and lasting benefit from It.as this little nation; which by such means may be enriched and beeutified till it becomes an ornnntental gardeti to the world. I see rte reason why this country is net to be made a summer resort for the exhausted Southern invalid: Its climate, its scenery, its waters, ll perfectly dry and unrualarinl eoil, itn delightful daily breezes, its ready appltancpe for land or water excursions are all, the very thin s an attenuated nervoue invalid requires. Then let the roads be firmed from fence to fence as they should be; let the proprie- tors cause to vandaline the countr by such wholesale destruction ofits ornaments; let the farmer c tithe the valle with corn, and ornament the green hills with depastnring ocke and herds, and if you like, invite our ' . iilor Queen " to visit this ‘ Gem of the Ocenn;' and I will venture to nny she would not re- pent her voyage, itor despise the least of all her possessions. Then

the incorporation ofu Company with such powers and rtvilegee as shall eflisclually secure the sup ly of materials for manutlicturing the b and cheapest intinuro for t e growth of root-crops, and for en- r in the soil of Prince Edward Island. That such cuinpany be upon shares. and that your Excellency‘: Govornutent rill p ‘ to lay a substantial foundation by giving the outfit. remain, most respectfully, Your Excellency’e bcdient Servant,

II. A. JOHNSTON. King Square, Aug. 0, 185'}. .

No. 1. Fort l{.isziitn'J Gizu-H. 'l'o J. AiteucKi.n,Eso., VISITOR or St.-:toor.s roit Piuucn Cot!

it. My Dmr Sir,-—

I have to acknowledge your kindness in forwarding me the papers on Phonnzrapliy or the new spelling Reform, which cavne to hand a few weeks ave. Aecoinpanying these was the suggestion, that the phonetic alphabermay be rendered serviceable in teaching pupils the true pronunciation of un- couilily spelled words and the names of places, &c. I have not yet made 'an experiment in this way, but of its practicabili- ty Ientertain not the least doubt.

lf Walker and other Lexicoznaphers were alile to show the true pronunciation of words of intricate and siiperfiiious ortho- grapliy, by means ofthe limited alphabet which they had at command, how much more easily may it now be done by an alphabet which embraces all the simple sounds of the English language? For the pronunciation ofthe \\’l)l‘(I plilrgm, Wal- ker gives the letters f-l-e-m, with a figure 2 placed over the vowel e, to indicate that it is to be pronounced like e in met; and for the pronunciation ofphlgme, which is a word ofu dif- ferent meaning, he gives the same letters, with n figure I over the letter e, to show that it is to be sounded like e in me. Now would it not be mtich more convenient to have two vowels repre- senting these different sounds,so that each of them could always be used to eitliihit the true and nattiral pronunciation of the words referred to, and all other words containing similar’ soun s.

But I go further than this. I am fully persuaded that the Phonetic orthography,m:iy and ought entirely to supersede the old. If an alphabet can be devised and employed, which will

...represent in.a plain. simple, natural, and intelligible manner,

each sound in a word, how absurd and unphiloeophical must it be to use it barbarous jumble of vowels and consonants, which can convey no definite sound whatever ! The object of spell- ing should he, to lead the learner or reader to a true pronun- ciation of words; but so different from this is our present

nice I submitted at first to your Excellency, in ntllrm-‘

mode, that were we to pronounce our English tongue according to our preeent established orthography, our language would no longer be what it is as now spoken, but aconfused jargon of unuttcrable sounds and unintelligible croaltings. tithing can

be more inconsistent and superfluous than our present ortho-

graphy. The most uncouth and fantastical sounds which the

organs ofthe human voice are ctpzible of uttering, were they

represented by characters for the purpose of writing, could al-

most as easily and consistently, be formed into syllables and

words, as our Eiigliali alphabet; according to our present

standard system ofspelling. The vowel, a, for instance, is

usetl to represent several different sounds, and_enters into the spelling of hundreds of words in which any of its sounds in ne-

vi-r heard; while on the other hand, it is never found in

hundreds of other worils wliioli contain its real legitimate sound. And so with all the rest ofthe Eiigli~h vowels. The consonants also, are tortured into the moat awkward forms,

and jumbled together into the most barbarous combinations tint can possibly be iniaginetl. What a medley of letters is tlirown together to represent the words, rlrachm, plilhirir,

ylccpctl, wroug/it, and hundreds of others which I need not wait in instance. The spelling of such words tends to bewil- der a learner or foreigner, rather than lead him to the esta- blished pronunciation of words. Common words become la- miliar to us by use, and by a long and constant habit of seeing them vvritten,iinil not instant: n.-ously by their spelIing,and there

fore we forget the time it totik, and the pains it cost us to re- concile us to their present , " croo t L __ _ ' I

And this shall continue to be the case, until a better and more riitiorirtl system shall supersede the one now in u e ro- per name spelled with a dozen letters, may freqiienil__v, if no

generally, be pronounced a dozen dillbrent ways 3 and if merely pronounced before persons who may have_occ:ision to write it, but who never saw it written, may g‘ a rise to a dozen difi'er- eiit spellings. It is said that Ilalliwell collected no fewer than 34 methods of spelling Sliakespear's name, actually employed at different times by members of his own family! The simple powers or mime-sounds of our alphabet, form no guitle to lo- reiizners iu pronouncing the English language. In a thousand dilhculties, he can find no rule of oriliography to direct or as- nist him. I knotv an individual now residing in Cliarltittetoivn, who once attended my School, that could read any ordinary Er-irlisli composition pretty fluently, when he lirst came to me, and when I tried him in spelling, not three words in an ordin- nrily sized page could he spell correctly. that is, according to our present standard system of ortliograpliy l And upon asking him how he was enabled to read never having spelled any of the words, he said he used to follow others reading until he etinld distinguish each word by its look. A nice way to learn to read ! Now it is evident, that any fixed hieroglyphic sym- bols, one of which would represent each word in the anguage, would an noon enable a person to read. as ilie manner by which this man acquired this useful art. Those who Will like the tronb'e of narrowly investigating it flirtliemsclvee, will find the English alphabet to consist, not of 26 letters only. but of about Tito Ituridreil. To illustrate. When two or more let- ters are used to express what can or_ouglit to be expressed by one, the eomblnzitioii is called it digraph. These digraphs may, or rather must, be looked upon as single letters; for they have not the value or power ofn cotribination of letters, but of one letter. Iliit to dwell on ilila point is unnecessary ; let one example tlierelore sufiice. dhe digraph ch, in used to represent three distinct sounds: Vim, those of It, llh._Ind 3- It represents the firat ofiheee in character, the second in char- ter, and the third in clieise. Now, how is a learner to distin- giiieh when to give it one of these sounds and when the otheiel There is no rule to guide him, and the words in which i: has each of these different pronunciations are very numerous. The word gotta perclin, ie a comparatively new one ; hence some pronounce it gotta perko, and others gtitta ptrtrtin, the latter pronuneletion, being, _I believe the correct one; but an- leee custom fix the pronunciation, no rule oforthogrephy will